Key Takeaways

• Pigeons have a unique reproductive system, with both male and female pigeons capable of producing crop milk and sharing in the rearing of offspring.
• Pigeons reproduce through internal fertilization and lay one or two eggs per clutch, which are incubated for approximately 17 to 19 days.
• Pregnant pigeons may exhibit physical changes, such as increased body weight and size, a rounder abdomen, a fuller chest area, and the development of a brood patch.
• Nesting behaviors, including spending more time in the nest and actively arranging nesting materials, are common signs of pigeon pregnancy.
• The pigeon reproductive cycle involves nest-building, mating, egg-laying, incubation, and crop milk feeding of the hatchlings.
• Changes in eating habits, including increased appetite and preferences for certain foods, as well as alterations in drinking behavior and droppings, can also indicate pigeon pregnancy.

Pigeon Reproductive System

Pigeons have a unique reproductive system, with both male and female pigeons playing a role in the rearing of offspring. Lactation, which is a unique reproductive behavior in pigeons, occurs through the secretion of crop milk. Both male and female pigeons can produce crop milk. The male pigeon’s testes are located within the abdomen and are responsible for producing sperm. The female pigeon’s reproductive system is peculiar, with only a left ovary and left oviduct. The right ovary and oviduct are usually atrophied in adult female pigeons. The female’s left ovary contains eggs of various sizes. Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or dietary influences, can impact pigeon reproductive health.

Signs of Pigeon Pregnancy

Pregnant pigeons can exhibit several physical and behavioral changes that indicate their reproductive status. Some common signs of pigeon pregnancy include:

Physical Changes

• Increased body weight and size
• A rounder abdomen
• A fuller chest area
• The development of a brood patch on the abdomen or chest

Nesting Behaviors

• Spending more time in the nest
• Actively arranging nesting materials
• Displaying protective instincts by guarding the nesting site

Eating Habits

• Increased appetite
• Preference for certain types of food, especially those rich in calcium and other essential nutrients for egg production

Drinking Behavior

• Increased frequency or longer periods at the water source

Droppings

• Altered frequency and consistency of droppings
• Changes in color and texture of droppings

Pigeon Reproductive Cycle

Understanding the reproductive cycle of pigeons is essential in comprehending their behaviors during this period. The pigeon reproductive cycle can be divided into several stages:

Nest-Building

Pigeons are meticulous in choosing their nest locations, preferring sites that offer ample cover, height to protect from predators, and a solid foundation. Both the male and female pigeons participate in nest-building, with the male collecting nesting materials and passing them to the female for arrangement. The nest-building process takes approximately one to two weeks.

Mating and Egg-Laying

After successful copulation, the female pigeon starts developing eggs. The first egg can take up to ten days to appear, with pigeons usually laying two eggs per cycle. The spacing between the eggs allows for staggered hatching, providing advantages in case the first chick does not survive or when resources are scarce.

Incubation and Crop Milk Feeding

Both the male and female pigeons share incubation duties, taking turns throughout the day. Incubation lasts approximately 18 days. After hatching, the parents feed the chicks through crop milk feeding. Crop milk is a highly nutritious substance produced in the parents’ crops and continues until the chicks are old enough to consume a standard pigeon diet of seeds and grains.

Pigeon Reproductive Health and Age

Younger pigeons reaching reproductive maturity are often more prolific, as their bodies are primed for reproduction, leading to more frequent egg-laying cycles. However, as pigeons age, the reproductive rate may decline. Nonetheless, even older pigeons can surprise with new offspring. Maintaining good reproductive health in pigeons involves providing proper nutrition, clean and fresh water, and regular veterinary check-ups to address any health concerns promptly.