The Sottobanca pigeon is a breed with a rich history and distinctive characteristics that set it apart from other pigeon varieties. Originating from Italy, this breed has been shaped by both natural selection and human cultivation over centuries. Known for its unique morphological features and historical significance in Italian agriculture, the Sottobanca pigeon is a fascinating subject for both avian enthusiasts and the general public.
History and Origin
The Sottobanca pigeon, also known as the Italian Sottobanca, is a breed that has its roots in the Modena region of Italy. Historical records suggest that the breed has been in existence since at least the 15th century, making it one of the older pigeon breeds. The name “Sottobanca” is believed to derive from the bird’s habit of nesting on the ground under tables or benches (“banca” in the Modena dialect) in rural farmhouses.
Morphological Characteristics
Physical Description
The Sottobanca pigeon is known for its robust and proud stature, with a horizontal body and a slightly raised tail. The breed’s head is large and broad, with a well-curved (arched) forehead that showcases the characteristic shell crest. The beak is of medium length, strong, and flesh-colored, except for certain color varieties where a dark beak is also accepted.
Table of Key Data
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Average Weight | 0.80 – 1.10 kg |
| Body Length | 40 – 42 cm for males, 39 – 40 cm for females |
| Total Height | 26 – 27 cm |
| Head Width | 2.8 to 3.2 cm between the eyes |
| Beak Length | 2.3 to 2.6 cm |
| Eye Color | Red orange or yellow, black in the white range |
| Shell Crest | Full and set high, with 5 to 6 rows of dense feathering |
| Plumage Colors | Black, red, yellow (caldano), white, and more |
| Breeding Capacity | Capable of 6 nest rounds per year, producing 12 young |
Behavior and Temperament
Sottobanca pigeons are known for their docile nature, making them well-suited to domestication. However, they can be quite quarrelsome with their fellow pigeons, often fighting for the best nesting spots. Despite their domesticated status, they have retained the ability to fly well, which is a trait not always seen in utility pigeon breeds.
Utility and Current Use
Historically, the Sottobanca pigeon was reared for its meat, but today, it is primarily bred for exhibition purposes. Breeders focus on morphological traits to ensure that the pigeons conform to the breed standard. This modern selection process can sometimes affect the breeding capacity of the birds, as traits conducive to exhibition may not always align with reproductive efficiency.
Conservation and Status
Like many traditional breeds, the Sottobanca pigeon has experienced changes due to the transformation of the rural world. With the shift in breeding focus from utility to exhibition, there is a risk of losing the genetic diversity and utility traits that were once prized in the breed. Efforts to conserve and maintain the breed’s original characteristics are important for preserving this part of Italy’s avian heritage.
Interesting Facts
- The Sottobanca pigeon’s nesting behavior, which includes nesting on the ground, is relatively unusual among pigeon breeds.
- The breed’s shell crest is not only a distinctive feature but also a key aspect by which breeders judge the birds in exhibitions.
- The Sottobanca pigeon has a strong historical connection to the rural and agricultural life of the Modena region in Italy.
